ابن بطوطة

[ღ اسيل الفلسطينية ღ]

Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Muhammad known as Ibn Battuta Tunja (born on February 24, 1304 to 1377 Mbtunjh) (703-779 AH) is a traveler and historian, jurist and judge, and the title of prince of Rahalin Moroccan Muslims. Born in Tangier years (703 AH / 1304 AD) in Morocco. His full name is Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Ibrahim ibn Yusuf ibn Battuta who Tunja bin Humaid bin Ali Ghazi bin cottage. He studied law in his boyhood and decided in 1325 AD, the son of 21 years as pilgrims to come out of his hope to learn more about the practice of law throughout the land of Islam. And came out 725 years from Tangier e circumambulated Amorbumusr country, Sudan, the Levant and the Hijaz, Iraq, Persia, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Turkestan and beyond Alnehrubed Gaoh India and China and the countries of the Tatars and Central Africa. Contact and much of the kings and princes Vmdham - and was organizing the hair - and used Bhbathm on his travels.
He returned to Morocco Far Vangta to the Sultan Abu Inan (of the kings of Beni Marin) and he settled in his country. News and dictated his trip to Muhammad ibn al-Kalbi you very much in Fez in 756 AH and called it a masterpiece principals oddity in the regions and the wonders of travel. Translated into Portuguese, French and English, and published, and translated them into German chapters were also published. Improves the Turkish and Persian. The trip lasted 27 years (1325-1352 AD) and died in Marrakech in 779 AH / 1377 AD his tomb where the old city. Tlqubh University of Cambridge, and by the prince of travelers Otalsha Muslim national
In his first trip over the Ibn Battuta in Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, Palestine, Syria and from there to Mecca. The following section, which record for this journey: "From Tangier my home in" on Thursday 2 Rajab 725 AH / 1324 AD "dependent pilgrimage the Holy Mosque and visit the grave of the Prophet peace be upon him, on his own about Rafik Anse with him, and rode I as a whole, the emitter severe self-determination, and passion to those noble institutions ... Vdzmt myself to abandon the loved ones of the female and male, and she died of a national bird of paradox Okor, and my parents were to register the life beyond the Fathmmelt and Saba, and received as Liqya monument.

Thirty years of travel
The Ibn Battuta three trips took in a total of about thirty years old and was the longest first flight which has taken him to most aspects of Morocco and the Levant, and was the longest establish him in the country of India where he elimination of two years and then in China, where it took over the judiciary and a half years in this period describe what he saw and his findings, said the two knew of each of the Sultans and the men and women described their clothes and their manners and morals and what happened in their hospitality during his stay of accidents.
Of the greatest travelers of Muslims and Ousahm fame, called the sheikh Rahalin to the large roam in the horizons, it has spent twenty-eight years of his life in travel-related trips successive, was better Rahalin active and inclusive of news, the best known care to talk about the social situation in the country, which walked in, as it wasadventurers who pushed curiosity to ride a lot of difficulties.

Lineage and his birth and his study:
Is Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ibrahim bin Mohammed bin Ibrahim bin Yousef District Tunja, the famous Ibn Battuta.

Born in the city of Tangier in 703 AH / 1304 CE, attributed to the Berber tribe of the Oath, which spread their bellies along the coast of Africa to Egypt, and comes from a family of high, was made available to many of their children access to the position of the judiciary and excellence in forensic science.
In Tangier he studied Ibn Battuta forensic science, according to the Maliki prevailing in the countries of Morocco, but it seems it has not been studied; that the age of twenty-first came out where the trip show that he did not wait until the complete study of jurisprudence; because the study at that time was long not eating the young of study only within thirty It is clear that his desire to travel and roaming Ojlth for the completion of the study.
The motive behind the exit of Ibn Battuta travels first to perform the Hajj, in addition to his desire to see the conditions of people in various countries, and the yearning for knowledge, and his passion for travel and adventure and experience, and knowledge of the conditions of the world around him.

Trips:
Ibn Battuta's journey began from the first city of Tangier in 725 AH / 1326 AD, where the maximum traveled across Morocco, then turn eastward through Algeria, Morocco and East, then to Tunisia and Libya, and ended up in Egypt. Turn south and from Alexandria to Cairo and then to level until he reached the port of Aivab on the coast of the Red Sea, and then returned to Cairo and continued his journey to Mecca through the Levant.

After performing the Hajj went to Iraq, Iran, Anatolia, and then returned to Saudi Arabia pilgrimage for the second time, and remained in Mecca two years. In 730 AH / 1329 AD left the Hijaz and Yemen to the Persian Gulf country, Ibn Battuta talked about what he found there of the traditions and habits and the types of exotic foods have not seen before, and then walked in the Persian Gulf heading to Bahrain and Ahsa.

Then headed Ibn Battuta to the land of Rum (the Byzantine Empire), and of which he returned to Mecca to perform Hajj for the third time, then cut the Red Sea, bringing to the Nile Valley to Ahave to the north, meaning Syria, and from behind the sea of Latakia, meaning Asia Minor where he was the port of Hagia, and from the to the port of Sinop on the Black Sea, then went to the Crimea, and the incursion until the country Russia, Eastern, and there joined to the Embassy of the Sultan Mohammed Yazbek, going to the Constantinople, and returned to the Crimea to be built to Bukhara and the countries of the Afghans, until it reached Delhi on the River Ganges he settled by two years, during which the work of a judge of the doctrine of al-Maliki.

I have tried to be accompanied by political mission sent by Sultan of India, Muhammad Shah to the king of China, did not exceed Algeria (Zbah deadlines), where he settled for a year and a half, took the position of the judiciary, and then continued on his journey through the coast of Bengal, and entered the country of India and Eastern Islands of Indonesia, according to to visit Iigran Chinese olive (Tsutonj) and Canton, and then lock to the Arabian Peninsula through Sumatra and India in 748 AH / 1347 CE, which rose in the Persian Gulf, and returned to Persia through the port of Hormuz, then traveled to Iraq, land of the Levant, Egypt is, and which was launched to Mecca for the Hajj lead for the fourth time.

And then continued walking back to his country through Egypt, Tunisia and Algeria until he reached Fez in Morocco in 750 AH / AD 1349, and after that in which one-year, recurrence of longing and nostalgia for the highly migratory fish stocks, so the journey in 751 AH / 1350 CE to Granada in Andalusia.

Then he returned to Fez to prepare himself for a trip to Western Africa in 754 AH / 1353 AD, and entered Timbuktu and Hecar, and come back to Morocco through the city of Tuat, to settle there until I've realized away.

Thus Ibn Battuta spent most of his life in traveling between cities and countries; in order to see the habits of the peoples and tribes, and we recorded those events that have become both the route of a path he wanted to move in this area.

His works include:
Ibn Battuta did not leave behind any literary production, only the account of his travels in the form of a book entitled: masterpiece principals in the wonders of the regions and the wonders of travel), the famous Book of Ibn Battuta's journey.

The Moroccan Sultan Abu Faris Marinid Annan, who impressed Ibn Battuta journeys and stories interesting, had asked him to dictate to you very much writer Mohammed bin al-Kalbi, Ibn Jizzi was launched on the book name (masterpiece principals oddity in the regions and the wonders of travel.
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A joint work done by Ibn Battuta and Ibn you very much, and cast all of them is special, Making the Ibn Battuta spirit who loves Stranges And Uniques, and make the son you very much his style which is not free of workmanship and cost and retouch, it is a book smooth construction, and the novel incidents are rare humorist, and traditions of the anomaly, Ibn Battuta was felt that what little news about India is exotic, and far from what is familiar, and that it will carry a lot of people to doubt the veracity of his words, Voksm on it as true to saw and spoke with.


Question as narrated by Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Battuta:
One of these skeptics Ibn Khaldun says: "it was reported in Morocco, to the reign of Sultan Abu Annan of the kings of Beni Marin man of chieftain Tangier is known as Ibn Battuta, was gone for twenty years prior to the Orient, and the volatility in the country of Iraq, Yemen, India, and entered the city Dhli present king India is the Sultan Mohammed Shah, and call her own of that era which Fairuz faces, and has had his place, and was used in the plan to eliminate the doctrine of Maliki, and then turned to Morocco and contact Sultan Abu Annan, and was going on regarding the trip and saw the wonders of Bmmalc the earth, and over what was happen for the State of the India, comes from conditions including deemed strange hearers; such that the king of India if it comes out to travel counted the people of his city of men, women and children, and impose their livelihood six months to pay them from the tender, and that when he returned from his trip, enter into a memorable day, highlights in which all people to desert the country and touring it, and placed in front of him in that field Mngeniqat ... thrown by the Sac of dirhams and dinars to people, to enter the Aaoana. and times of these tales, Vtnagy people Petkvebh, and received that day the Minister Sultan Fares bin and radar remote-known, Vfawdth In this regard, and I showed them to deny the news of the man as elaborated in the people of the lie.
He told me the minister of Persia: Never condemn the conditions of such States; Since you have not seen him, so the son of the minister resulting in prison. So that the minister was arrested by the authority, and he stayed in prison years in which his son in the Lord that Council, when he realized the mind and asked for Allhmon which was fed by, his father said to him: This lamb. He said, and sheep? Faisvha his father and Bashyatea Nautea. He says: O my father, you see like a rat? The Divine and it says: Where are the sheep of the mouse! As well as in the flesh of camels, cattle; it did not inspect the animals in his prison, but the mouse Faihsabha are all sons of the mouse genus, but this often is going on in the news as people worried sick obsession in order to increase when strangers. "

I questioned as narrated by Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Battuta habits of peoples and their traditions, and perhaps the reason for this is that there was no one to talk about those customs and traditions, when they heard that it was more like they have imagination.

Has supported research scientists later that all that was mentioned by Ibn Battuta was true for India; suggesting that Ibn Battuta was a faithful confidence, and the advantage from other former Rahalin that he did not leave a small or great, but the pain
Certificate western scientists:
Was Ibn Battuta a lot of praise from scholars of the West; for his description of his travels, he says, his Orientalist Rajeic Blashir about his book (a masterpiece principals in the oddity regions and wonders of travel): "This book is of paramount importance in the identification of the Muslim world in the fourteenth century AD; InThis book frequently digressions and where she mixes mythology with tales away from ratification, descriptions repeated reveal where the information was also historically accurate and useful, especially those that are not counted on the tenets and customs and morals of the population as seen by the traveler Muslim, who beats him curiosity individual intelligence. "
The Orientalist Russian Kraczkowski Faattabrh "The last geographical world from a scientific, that is not portable is built on the books of others; but the traveler attended the vicinity of his travels a large number of countries, has exceeded his wandering amount of one hundred and seventy-five thousand miles, and would thus be a serious contender to contemporary his older (Marco Polo) Venetian Italian (1254 to 1323 m), paid by love travel to traverse all Asia through Mongolia, and returned through Sumatra, and entrusted to the author of it in the output of his memoirs Akhraja literary, and his name (Book of Marco Polo.
The researcher says the Japanese Aamoto: "It is difficult to say that all the stories of Ibn Battuta from China is a figment of imagination alone, really the description of the country includes a number of ambiguities, but not without sometimes from certain paragraphs based on direct observation of the Chinese, as well as that it is impossible to say that his novels that I found emphasis in Chinese sources in the book of Marco Polo has been a fabrication of his imagination "

And death:
Ibn Battuta died in Marrakech in 779 AH / 1377 CE, was launched by the Assembly of Cambridge, the title of "Prince of Rahalin Muslims."
It was credited to Ibn Battuta on the global coordinates; because it left truthful images of life in the era in which he lived, after he cut nearly seventy-five thousand miles, in search of geographical information is correct.

The importance of Ibn Battuta's journey:
It was Ibn Battuta has the ability to remember what he saw in his travels, although over the years, and the multiplicity of the areas visited, and what distinguishes him also he mentioned facts for the first time did not say when the other, it was stated the use of bank notes in China, and pointed to the use of coal Stone.

Have been printed Journey of Ibn Battuta in Paris with a French translation in the middle of the nineteenth century by orientalist Devremari and Sanjnetti, printed in Cairo two editions Arab countries, and dissemination of Professor Jeb summarized in English in a series (Broodway Travellers) in 1929, as printed in Lebanon in a series of masterpieces of Lebanon , achieving Fouad Ephrem Boustany, as well as translated into many languages of the world; which shows how important that trip.

The most amusing stories of his travels despite the oddity of custom content, the recording habits of those tribes and traditions often said to know the habits of those people away, as reported in the knowledge of the history of that country, and learn geography by describing the country, its mountains and seas.

It is strange mentioned by Ibn Battuta for the social insurance system in China; the manufacturer or that the worker was exempt from work and spend it if the government was fifty, and that it was sixty years there have been promised by the Kabba provisions.​

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[وردة الصحراء]

رد: ابن بطوطة

عاشت ايدك طرح رائع

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رد: ابن بطوطة

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[RAFAT.]

رد: ابن بطوطة

يسلمواا ع الطرح
الله يع ـــطيك الع ـافية
تح ــياتي

 

[ღ اسيل الفلسطينية ღ]

رد: ابن بطوطة

شكراً لحضوركم
لكم باقه من الورد الجوري لروحكم
تحيااااتي لكم​

 

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رد: ابن بطوطة

يسسلمؤؤؤ للافاادهـ خيتي

 

[ღ اسيل الفلسطينية ღ]

رد: ابن بطوطة

سلمت يداك على المرور المميز
لك مني كل الود والتقدير